Introducing Tiny Cloud

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+*~
+*.bak
+*.swp
+.vscode/

LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2017-2020 Michael Crute
+Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Jake Buchholz Göktürk, Michael Crute
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in

Makefile

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ PREFIX?=/
 
 .PHONY: install
 install:
-	install -Dm 755 tiny-ec2-bootstrap $(PREFIX)/etc/init.d/tiny-ec2-bootstrap
+	cp -r etc $(PREFIX)
+	cp -r lib $(PREFIX)

README.md

@@ -1,70 +1,125 @@
-# Tiny EC2 Bootstrapper
+# Tiny Cloud
 
-This is designed to do the minimal amount of work required to bootstrap an EC2
+The Tiny Cloud bootstrapper performs critical initialization tasks for cloud
-instance based on the local settings assigned at boot time as well as the
+instances during their first boot.  Unlike the more popular and feature-rich
-user's configured settings. This is, in-concept, similar to
+[cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest), Tiny Cloud seeks to
-[cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) but trades features
+do just what is necessary with a small footprint and minimal dependencies.
-and cloud platform support for small size and limited external dependencies.
+
+A direct descendant of [tiny-ec2-bootstrap](
+https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/cloud/tiny-ec2-bootstrap), Tiny Cloud
+works with multiple cloud providers.  Currently, the following are supported:
+* AWS (Amazon Web Services)
+* Azure (Microsoft Azure)
+* GCP (Google Cloud Platform)
+* OCI (Oracle Cloud Infrastructure)
+
+## Features
+
+The following actions will occur ***only once***, during the initial boot of an
+instance:
+* expand the root filesystem to use all available root device space, during the
+  **sysinit** runlevel
+* set the instance's hostname from instance metadata
+* install SSH keys from instance metadata to the cloud user account's
+  `authorized_keys` file (the user must already exist)
+* save the instance user-data to a file and if it's a script, execute it at the
+  end of the **default** runlevel 
+
+Optional features, which may not be universally necessary:
+* manage symlinks from NVMe block devices to `/dev/xvd` and `/dev/sd` devices
+  (i.e. AWS Nitro instances)
+* manage secondary IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on network interfaces
 
 ## Requirements
 
-The most important feature of this bootstrapper is the very limited set of
+As Tiny Cloud is meant to be tiny, it has very few dependencies:
-dependencies. In-fact, this works with just BusyBox (provided ash and wget
+* Busybox (`ash`, `wget`, etc.)
-are built in) and a couple utilities for expanding the root filesystem.
+* `partx`
-The full list of required dependencies are:
+* `resize2fs`
+* `sfdisk`
 
-- bash-like shell (e.g. bash, dash, ash)
+Tiny Cloud has been developed specifically for use with the
-- wget
+[Alpine Cloud Images](https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/cloud/alpine-cloud-images)
-- sfdisk
+project, and as such, it is currently tailored for use with [Alpine Linux](
-- partx
+https://alpinelinux.org), the [OpenRC](https://github.com/OpenRC/openrc) init
-- resize2fs
+system, and the `ext4` root filesystem.  If you would like to see Tiny Cloud
+supported on additional distributions, init systems, and/or filesystems, please
+open an issue with your request -- or better yet, submit a merge request!
 
-## Supported Features and Environments
+## Installation
 
-cloud-init has support for many different cloud providers. This project only
+Typically, Tiny Cloud is installed and configured when building a cloud image,
-supports EC2; [EC2 metadata
+and is available on Alpine Linux as the [`tiny-cloud`](
-service](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html)
+https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=tiny-cloud) APK...
-is a hard requirement of using this bootstrapper. All of the data for the
-supported features below is sourced from the EC2 instance metadata service
-which runs on every EC2 instance at IP 169.254.169.254.
-
-cloud-init also has a very rich feature set with support for adding users,
-installing packages, and many other things. This bootstrap does not support
-those things. Instead it supports:
-
-- setting system hostname
-- installing the instance's SSH keys in the EC2 user's authorized_keys file
-- running any script-like user data (must start with #!)
-- disabling root and the EC2 user's password
-- expanding root partition to available disk space
-
-These steps only run once. After the initial bootstrap the bootstrapper script
-is a no-op. To force the script to run again at boot time remove the file
-`/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete` and reboot the instance.
-
-The default EC2 user is `alpine`; this can be overriden with a
-`/etc/conf.d/tiny-ec2-bootstrap` containing...
 ```
-EC2_USER="otheruser"
+apk install tiny-cloud
 ```
-The EC2 user *must* already exist in the AMI -- `tiny-ec2-bootstrap` will
+This will install the necessary init scripts, libraries, etc. plus any missing
-**NOT** add the user automatically.
+dependencies.
 
-## User Data
+Alternately, you can download a release tarball, and use `make` to install it.
 
-User data is provided at instance boot time and can be any arbitrary string of
+Next, enable the three primary init scripts...
-data. The bootstrapper will consider any user data that begins with the ASCII
+```
-characters `#!` to be a script. It will write the entire contents of the user
+rc-update add tiny-cloud-early sysinit
-data to `/var/lib/cloud/user-data.sh`, make the file executable, and execute
+rc-update add tiny-cloud default
-the file piping any output to `/var/log/cloud-bootstrap.log`.
+rc-update add tiny-cloud-final default
+```
 
-The user data script can do anything it pleases with the instance. It will be
+## Configuration
-run as root and networking will be up. No other guarantees about system state
-are made at the point the script runs.
 
-## Assumptions
+Tiny Cloud looks expects configuration to be found at
+[`/etc/conf.d/tiny-cloud`](etc/conf.d/tiny-cloud), which documents all
+tuneable parameters (and their defaults).
 
-- This was written for Alpine Linux; use on other distributions has not been
+However, because Tiny Cloud does not do auto-detection, you ***must*** set a
-tested.
+value for `CLOUD` indicating which cloud provider which will be used when
+instantiating the image.  Current valid values are `aws`, `azure`, `gcp`, and
+`oci`.
 
-- The script is run by OpenRC.
+## Operation
+
+The first time an instance boots -- either freshly instantiated from an image,
+or after installation on an existing instance -- Tiny Cloud sets up the
+instance in three phases...
+
+### Early Phase
+
+The `tiny-cloud-early` init script does not depend on the cloud provider's
+Instance MetaData Service (IMDS), and does therefore does not have a dependency
+on networking.  During this "early" phase, the root filesystem is expanded, and
+any necessary `mdev` rules for device hotplug are set up.
+
+### Main Phase
+
+The main `tiny-cloud` init script *does* depend on the cloud provider's IMDS
+data, and sets up instance's hostname and the cloud user's SSH keys before
+`sshd` starts.
+
+### Final Phase
+
+`tiny-cloud-final` should be the very last init script to run in the
+**default** runlevel, and saves the instance's user data to
+`/var/lib/cloud/user-data`.
+
+If the user data is a script that starts with `#!` (aka "[shebang](
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix))"), it will be executed; its
+output (combined STDOUT and STDERR) is saved to `/var/log/cloud/user-data.log`
+and the exit code can be found in `/var/log/cloud/user-data.exit`.
+
+If all went well, the very last thing `tiny-cloud-final` does is touch
+`/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete` into existence.
+
+### Further Reboots
+
+After the initial bootstrap of an instance, the init scripts are largely a
+no-op.
+
+To force the init scripts to re-run on the next boot...
+```
+rm -f /var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete
+```
+If you're instantiating an instance in order to create a new cloud image
+(using [Packer](https://packer.io), or some other means), you will need to
+remove this file before creating the image to ensure that instances using the
+new image will also run Tiny Cloud init scripts during their first boot.

etc/conf.d/tiny-cloud

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# tiny-cloud configuration
+
+# REQUIRED: The instance's cloud provider (valid: aws, azure, gcp, oci)
+CLOUD=
+
+# User account where instance SSH keys are installed
+#CLOUD_USER=alpine
+
+# Number of seconds an AWS IMDS token is valid
+#IMDS_TOKEN_TTL=5

etc/init.d/tiny-cloud

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/sbin/openrc-run
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+description="Tiny Cloud Bootstrap - main phase"
+
+depend() {
+	need net
+	before sshd
+}
+
+_update_hostname() {
+	local fqdn=$(imds_hostname)
+	local host="${fqdn%%\.*}"
+	echo "$host" > /etc/hostname
+	hostname -F /etc/hostname
+	echo -e "127.0.1.1\t$fqdn $host" >> /etc/hosts
+}
+
+_set_ssh_keys() {
+	local user="$1"
+	local pwent=$(getent passwd "$user")
+	local group=$(echo "$pwent" | cut -d: -f4)
+	local ssh_dir="$(echo "$pwent" | cut -d: -f6)/.ssh"
+	local keys_file="$ssh_dir/authorized_keys"
+
+	if [ ! -d "$ssh_dir" ]; then
+		mkdir -p "$ssh_dir"
+		chmod 700 "$ssh_dir"
+	fi
+
+	touch "$keys_file"
+	chmod 600 "$keys_file"
+	chown -R "$user:$group" "$ssh_dir"
+	imds_ssh_keys > "$keys_file"
+}
+
+start() {
+	[ -f "/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete" ] && return 0
+	[ -d "/var/lib/cloud" ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/cloud
+
+	source /var/lib/tiny-cloud/imds
+	CLOUD_USER="${CLOUD_USER:-alpine}"
+
+	ebegin "Setting Instance Hostname"; _update_hostname; eend $?
+
+	ebegin "Installing SSH Keys for $CLOUD_USER User"
+	_set_ssh_keys "$CLOUD_USER"
+	eend $?
+
+	# TODO: background tiny-cloud-network watcher?
+}

etc/init.d/tiny-cloud-early

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/sbin/openrc-run
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+description="Tiny Cloud Bootstrap - early phase"
+
+depend() {
+	before mdev
+}
+
+_expand_root_partition() {
+	local mountpoint=$(busybox mountpoint -n / | cut -d' ' -f1)
+	local volume=$(echo "$mountpoint" |
+		sed -Ee "s/(nvme\d+n\d|(xv|s)d[a-z])p?\d?$/\1/"
+	)
+
+	if [ "$mountpoint" != "$volume" ]; then
+		partition=$(echo "$volume" | sed -Ee "s/.*(\d+)$/\2/")
+		einfo "Expanding root partition to volume size..."
+		echo ", +" | sfdisk -q --no-reread -N "$partition" "$volume"
+		einfo "Updating kernel with new partition table..."
+		partx -u "$volume"
+	fi
+	einfo "Resizing root filesystem..."
+	resize2fs "$mountpoint"
+}
+
+start() {
+	[ -f "/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete" ] && return 0
+	[ -d "/var/lib/cloud" ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/cloud
+
+	source /etc/conf.d/tiny-cloud	# or use auto-sourced tiny-cloud-early?
+
+	ebegin "Expanding Root Partition"; _expand_root_partition; eend $?
+
+	# TODO: _setup mdev things, if applicable
+}

etc/init.d/tiny-cloud-final

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/sbin/openrc-run
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+description="Tiny Cloud Bootstrap - final phase"
+
+depend() {
+	after *
+	provide cloud-final
+}
+
+_save_userdata() {
+	imds_userdata > "$USERDATA"
+}
+
+_run_userdata() {
+	local log="/var/log/user-data.log"
+	local exit="/var/log/user-data.exit"
+
+	chmod +x "$USERDATA"
+	{ "$USERDATA" 2>& 1; echo $? > "$exit"; } | tee "$log"
+
+	return $(cat "$exit")
+}
+
+start() {
+	[ -f "/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete" ] && return 0
+	[ -d "/var/lib/cloud" ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/cloud
+
+	source /lib/tiny-cloud/imds
+
+	USERDATA="/var/lib/cloud/user-data"
+
+	ebegin "Saving Instance UserData"; _save_userdata; eend $?
+	if head -n1 "$USERDATA" | grep -q '^#!/'; then
+		ebegin "Executing UserData Script"; _run_userdata; eend $?
+	fi
+}

lib/tiny-cloud/aws/imds

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# AWS Instance MetaData Service related variables and functions
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+IMDS_HEADER="X-aws-ec2-metadata-token"
+IMDS_TOKEN_TTL_HEADER="X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds"
+IMDS_TOKEN_TTL=${IMDS_TOKEN_TTL:-5}
+IMDS_URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest"
+
+IMDS_HOSTNAME="meta-data/hostname"
+IMDS_SSH_KEYS="meta-data/public-keys"
+IMDS_USERDATA="user-data"
+
+_imds_token() {
+	echo -ne "PUT /latest/api/token HTTP/1.0\r\n"\
+			"$IMDS_TOKEN_TTL_HEADER: $IMDS_TOKEN_TTL\r\n\r\n" |
+		nc 169.254.169.254 80 | tail -n 1
+}
+
+_imds_header() {
+	echo "$IMDS_HEADER: $(_imds_token)"
+}
+
+# digs deeper than the default
+imds_ssh_keys() {
+	for key in $(imds "$IMDS_SSH_KEYS"); do
+		imds "$IMDS_SSH_KEYS/${key%=*}/openssh-key"
+	done | sort -u
+}

lib/tiny-cloud/azure/imds

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Azure metadata-related variables and functions
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+IMDS_HEADER="Metadata"
+IMDS_QUERY="?format=text&api-version=2021-05-01"
+IMDS_URL="http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance"
+
+IMDS_HOSTNAME="compute/name"
+IMDS_SSH_KEYS="compute/publicKeys"
+IMDS_USERDATA="compute/userData"
+
+_imds_header() {
+	echo "$IMDS_HEADER: true"
+}
+
+# dig deeper than default
+imds_ssh_keys() {
+	for key in $(imds "$IMDS_SSH_KEYS"); do
+		imds "$IMDS_SSH_KEYS/${key}/keyData"
+	done | sort -u
+}
+
+# decode userdata value
+imds_userdata() {
+	imds "$IMDS_USERDATA" | base64 -d | _enforce_ending_newline
+}

lib/tiny-cloud/gcp/imds

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Google Cloud metadata-related variables and functions
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+IMDS_HEADER="Metadata-Flavor"
+IMDS_URL="http://169.254.169.254/computeMetadata/v1"
+
+IMDS_HOSTNAME="instance/hostname"
+IMDS_SSH_KEYS="
+	project/attributes/ssh-keys
+	instance/attributes/ssh-keys
+"
+IMDS_USERDATA="instance/attributes/user-data"
+
+_imds_header() {
+	echo "$IMDS_HEADER: Google"
+}
+
+# merge project and instance keys
+imds_ssh_keys() {
+	for ssh_keys in $IMDS_SSH_KEYS; do
+		# ignore errors and strip leading '<login>:'
+		_imds "$ssh_keys" | cut -d: -f2- | _enforce_ending_newline
+	done | sort -u
+}

lib/tiny-cloud/imds

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# tiny-cloud Instance MetaData Service related functions and variables
+# vim:set ft=sh ts=4 noet:
+
+CONF_DIR="/etc/conf.d"
+LIB_DIR="/lib/tiny-cloud"
+
+### load configuration
+
+[ -f "$CONF_DIR"/tiny-cloud ] && source "$CONF_DIR"/tiny-cloud
+
+### configuration defaults
+
+CLOUD="${CLOUD:-unknown}"
+CLOUD_LOGIN="${CLOUD_LOGIN:-alpine}"
+if [ ! -d "$LIB_DIR/$CLOUD" ]; then
+	echo "ERROR: Unknown Cloud '$CLOUD'" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+IMDS_HEADER=
+IMDS_QUERY=
+IMDS_URL=
+
+IMDS_HOSTNAME=
+IMDS_SSH_KEYS=
+IMDS_USERDATA=
+
+### default/common functions
+
+_imds() {
+	wget --quiet --header "$(_imds_header)" --output-document - \
+		"$IMDS_URL/$1/$IMDS_QUERY"
+}
+
+_enforce_ending_newline() { sed '$a\'; }
+
+imds() {
+	set -o pipefail
+	_imds "$1" | _enforce_ending_newline
+	RV=$?
+	set +o pipefail
+	[ $RV != 0 ] && echo "ERROR: $RV" >&2
+	return $RV
+}
+
+imds_hostname() {
+	imds "$IMDS_HOSTNAME"
+}
+
+imds_userdata() {
+	imds "$IMDS_USERDATA"
+}
+
+imds_ssh_keys() {
+	imds "$IMDS_SSH_KEYS"
+}
+
+# cloud-specific things (potentially overriding the above)
+
+[ -f "$LIB_DIR/$CLOUD/metadata" ] && source "$LIB_DIR/$CLOUD"/imds

lib/tiny-cloud/oci/imds

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# OCI metadata-related variables and functions
+# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
+
+IMDS_HEADER="Authorization"
+IMDS_URL="http://169.254.169.254/opc/v2"
+
+IMDS_HOSTNAME="instance/hostname"
+IMDS_SSH_KEYS="instance/metadata/ssh_authorized_keys"
+IMDS_USERDATA="instance/metadata/userdata"
+
+_imds_header() {
+	echo "$IMDS_HEADER: Bearer Oracle"
+}

tiny-ec2-bootstrap

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-#!/sbin/openrc-run
-# vim:set ft=sh noet ts=4:
-
-description="Provides EC2 cloud bootstrap"
-
-# override in /etc/conf.d/tiny-ec2-bootstrap
-EC2_USER=${EC2_USER:-alpine}
-IMDS2_TOKEN_TTL=${IMDS2_TOKEN_TTL:-5}
-
-depend() {
-	need net
-	provide cloud-final
-}
-
-_get_metadata_token() {
-	echo -ne "PUT /latest/api/token HTTP/1.0\r\nX-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: $IMDS2_TOKEN_TTL\r\n\r\n" |
-	nc 169.254.169.254 80 | tail -n 1
-}
-
-_get_metadata() {
-	local uri="$1"
-	wget -qO - --header "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $(_get_metadata_token)" \
-		"http://169.254.169.254/latest/$uri" 2>/dev/null
-}
-
-_update_hostname() {
-	local ec2_fqdn="$(_get_metadata meta-data/hostname)"
-	local short_hostname="${ec2_fqdn%%\.*}"
-	echo "$short_hostname" > /etc/hostname
-	hostname -F /etc/hostname
-	echo -e "127.0.1.1\t$ec2_fqdn $short_hostname" >> /etc/hosts
-}
-
-_set_ssh_keys() {
-	local user="$1"
-	local group="$(getent passwd "$user" | cut -d: -f4)"
-	local ssh_dir="$(getent passwd "$user" | cut -d: -f6)/.ssh"
-	local keys_file="$ssh_dir/authorized_keys"
-
-	if [ ! -d "$ssh_dir" ]; then
-		mkdir -p "$ssh_dir"
-		chmod 755 "$ssh_dir"
-	fi
-
-	[ -f "$keys_file" ] && rm "$keys_file"
-
-	touch "$keys_file"
-	chmod 600 "$keys_file"
-	chown -R "$user:$group" "$ssh_dir"
-
-	for key in $(_get_metadata meta-data/public-keys/); do
-		_get_metadata "meta-data/public-keys/${key%=*}/openssh-key/" >> "$keys_file"
-	done
-}
-
-_run_userdata() {
-	local user_data="$(_get_metadata user-data)"
-	if printf '%s' "$user_data" | head -n1 | grep -q '^#!/'; then
-		printf '%s' "$user_data" >/var/lib/cloud/user-data.sh
-		chmod +x /var/lib/cloud/user-data.sh
-
-		local log_file=/var/log/cloud-bootstrap.log
-		local ec_file=/var/log/cloud-bootstrap.exit
-
-		{ /var/lib/cloud/user-data.sh 2>&1 ; echo $? >"$ec_file"; } | tee "$log_file"
-		ec=$(cat "$ec_file")
-
-		echo "User Data Script Exit Status: $ec"
-		return "$ec"
-	fi
-}
-
-_resize_root_partition() {
-	local mountpoint="$(busybox mountpoint -n / | cut -d' ' -f1)"
-
-	# mountpoint is the second partition...
-	if echo "$mountpoint" | cut -d' ' -f1 | grep -qE '/(nvme\d+n\d+p|xvd[a-z]+)2$'; then
-		local volume="$(echo "$mountpoint" | sed -Ee 's/(nvme\d+n\d+|xvd[a-z]+)p?2/\1/')"
-		einfo "Expanding root partition to volume size..."
-		echo ", +" | sfdisk -q --no-reread -N 2 "$volume"
-		einfo "Updating kernel with new partition table..."
-		partx -u "$volume"
-	fi
-	einfo "Resizing..."
-	resize2fs "$mountpoint"
-}
-
-_lock_root_account() {
-	passwd -l root
-}
-
-_disable_password() {
-	echo "$1:*" | chpasswd -e
-}
-
-start() {
-	# Don't bootstrap if the host has already been bootstrapped
-	[ -f "/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete" ] && return 0
-
-	[ -d "/var/lib/cloud" ] || mkdir -p /var/lib/cloud
-
-	ebegin "Locking root account"; _lock_root_account; eend $?
-	ebegin "Disabling $EC2_USER password"; _disable_password "$EC2_USER"; eend $?
-	ebegin "Expanding root partition"; _resize_root_partition; eend $?
-	ebegin "Setting ec2 hostname"; _update_hostname; eend $?
-	ebegin "Setting ec2 user ssh keys"; _set_ssh_keys "$EC2_USER"; eend $?
-	ebegin "Running ec2 user data script"; _run_userdata; eend $?
-
-	touch "/var/lib/cloud/.bootstrap-complete"
-}